Written Discourse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Written Discourse - Essay Example I would like to undertake more research in this area but with a large group of students and over a long period of research but for now I need to complete a simple experiment. Reading and writing are core skills taught and learnt within both first and second language classrooms and one cannot be considered as more important than the other. Reading however appears to have taken precedence over writing in recent years with numerous presentations and papers published in the area. In terms of teaching and learning of writing on the other hand, there appears to be very few papers in journals or presentations at major conferences, at least in South Korea. In light of this deficit this paper will focus on writing methodology and some of the research undertaken within the area in terms of a process approach and a product approach. From research it seems that although we teach writing formally within the classroom it does not naturally develop along a linear path but develops more in a circular or see-saw fashion, which is in line with the process approach. Literature also shows that early learners often develop their writing with the use of models, which adheres to the product approach. The lesson in this unit however, aims to combine the two approaches in an effort to both allow students to use their own initiative, trialing and feedback but at the same time provide a framework from which they can further develop their writing. Following a literature review this paper will present an experimental unit of writing comprising a series of lessons incorporating both process and product methods which was trialed in Korea. Justification for the selected activities used in the unit design will be provided along with reflection and evaluation of the trialed lessons. The â€Å"origins of the traditional product rhetoric are often said to be found in eighteenth-century Common

EUROPEAN BUSINESS-'WHEREVER YOU LOCATE IN THE EU, IT IS A TRULY Essay

EUROPEAN BUSINESS-'WHEREVER YOU LOCATE IN THE EU, IT IS A TRULY INTEGRETED MARKET.' DISCUSS AND EVALUATE THIS STATEMENT - Essay Example This necessarily implies the abolition of tariffs and quotas for imports among the member-nations, without abolishing the same tariffs and quotas in their trade with third countries. Essentially, the free trade area agreement is a preferential trade agreement, and the products covered by the removal of tariffs and trades may be limited, or may encompass the entire manufacturing sector. The next stage of economic integration is the customs union, where internal tariffs and quotas are accompanied by certain external trade restrictions, or where external tariffs and quotas are harmonized. This level of integration sought to address the weakness of the free trade area, which was vulnerable because of the member countries’ unequal policies with external trade. This invited third countries to target the member country with the most favourable tariff policies. Under the customs union, there is resort to the creation of common regulatory bodies and institutions endowed with police powers to control and regulate trade within the union. The third level, the common market, is also known as a single market. In this stage of integration, there is free factor mobility of goods among the member countries, in the form of goods, capital, labour, and services. A more intense level of regulation is implicit, and institutions are established to monitor and oversee that decisions adopted by each state does not alter the free factor mobility in the territory. The economic union is the fourth level of integration, at which the member states harmonize their economic policies, mainly in the areas of economic and fiscal policy. A series of central institutions aids in the coordination of particular areas of economic policy to the point that sovereign states relinquish control to the supranational body. Finally, complete economic integration results with the subsequent and

Cold War and for its continuance to1956 Essay Example for Free

Cold War and for its continuance to1956 Essay How far do you agree that ideological rivalry between the superpowers was primarily responsible for both the origin of the Cold War and for its continuance to 1956? Certainly, the ideological rivalry that existed between the East and the West, concerning Communism and Capitalism was the largest factor to fuel the lengthy cold war, but there were other smaller factors that inflamed the conflict and ensured its continuance. Almost all of these factors can be drawn back to the fundamental contradictory ideologies and most of which were reactions against the others respective policies, such as Comecome was the Soviet response to the Truman doctrine/ Marshall Aid, and the Warsaw Pact a reaction to the creation of NATO. As the Second World War came to an end in 1945 it became clear that pre-war revulsion for the respective ideologies was ready to once again rear its ugly head. The war time association between the US and the Soviet Union had existed simply to unite against an enemy that if faced alone, neither could have overthrown. By 1945 it was obvious that Hitler and Nazi Germany were reaching the end of their powerful and destructive lifetime. With the downfall of their enemy, the two superpowers had no common ground and were therefore left to return to their nations and their respective pre-war international policies. Both Russian and American ideologies can only be fully understood or explained by looking at their individual roots. America, as it stands today was founded less than two hundred years ago, with such a short national history and no legs to stand on, it is no wonder they are so scared of other ideologies, and insist on enforcing their bogus democracy, liberty and freedom on other countries with no allowance or acceptance of other ways of living. The basis of US foreign policy since 1945 has been the idea of containment, sketched out by George Kennan in the Long Telegram of 1946. Kennan argued that the methods and goals of the US and the SU were irreconcilable and therefore the US should prepare for a long struggle. At some point the illegitimate government of the SU would collapse from within and the struggle would be over, as almost perfect prophecy of what was to happen years later. During the late Middle Ages, Russia had been isolated from Europe by Mongol occupation, once Russia gained its freedom from the Mongol yoke and attempted to become a European power, it found that it lacked the technology and culture of the West. Furthermore, it was an underdeveloped peasant society, embracing enormous geographical expanse. The challenge was to change and modernize the country. Russian leaders from Ivan the Terrible onwards were all faced with the problem of transforming this backward society. In 1917, the Bolsheviks inherited these traditional Russian preoccupations; however they also inherited a desire to define themselves and pursue her own unique national calling rather than simply follow in a Western pattern of development. The Soviet Union, Stalin declared, did not need the West, but could succeed on its own. Additionally, while the Bolsheviks embraced the Marxist vision of a universal pattern of development, they also inherited Marxs ambivalent attitude to capitalism and his desire to see its destruction. Suspicion of the West thus came to be deeply embedded in the Bolshevik mentality; the West was the enemy against which Bolshevism defined its identity. It was therefore, essentially, a reactive identity; Soviet socialism, constructed as a protest against Western capitalism, was an anti-world to Capitalism (Kotkin 1995). Personality clashes between the two superpower leaders, Stalin and any of the US Presidents once again comes back to their completely opposing ideological beliefs and their individual fears of the others possible world domination. So when Stalin died in 1953 it was unclear how, or even if, Soviet politics could maintain its hard-line policies both internationally against America and internally. However, in 1956 Khrushchev, the new Soviet leader made his famous secret speech, clearly criticizing Stalin this, almost even more clearly than even Stalins death, signified the end of Stalinism. Khrushchevs appointment marked the end of the relationship between Stalin and the West. Brimming with positive ideas for peaceful coexistence, and a much larger power base than Stalins dictatorship ever allowed, the relationship between Khrushchev and the west began, and thats a whole other story. The Cold War was an ideological and geographical struggle between two opposing systems. Equally important, it was a struggle that took place during the first fifty years of the nuclear age, and the existence of nuclear weapons greatly affected the nature of the struggle. The black cloud of nuclear Armageddon hung over the entire cold war period. Yet, thankfully, the bomb was never used to attack after 1945 by either the United States or the Soviet Union. Although this war was nothing like either the first or second world war, the rest of the world was dragged in too. The Korean War was labeled the cold war in the east by one historian. (sorry know this bit should be much much longer) At no point in history, from before the 16th century have two superpowers been able to coexist, there has always been a single hegemonic power. Yet Hollands influence in the 16th century and Portugals colonization of Spain and South America, and even the British Empire would never have been labeled superpowers. Perhaps this is because although these countries had influence, they did not have the power to destroy the world at the press of a button. Nonetheless in this nuclear era there is even less room for two major powers, and even though the ideologies are complete opposites, the cold war can be explained as a power struggle between two big kids, fighting for their right to be the biggest bully in the playground. Although this certainly wasnt the first, or indeed the last, war that America has won I feel that this is almost the most important win in US, indeed even world, history. The battle of two superpowers, both with the ability to destroy the world, and that only, by the collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 20th century, allowed the US to appear as the winner and assume the position of the worlds only superpower and subtly declare itself world leader. I believe the cold war is one of the largest factors for causing the American superiority which had the cold war had a different outcome perhaps would have been suppressed or even seen the Soviet Union develop the ignorance and superiority that is so fiercely disliked by much of the world. I fully agree that fundamentally the cold war was a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, fuelled on both sides by the belief that the ideology of the other side had to be destroyed. It is because of this that co-existence was not possible- one side could only win at the expense of the other, no matter how long either side had to wait for their victory, the ideological hatred ran so deep that both sides that neither side was prepared to jeopardize their own way of life for the benefit of the other. The Soviet Union held to Lenins belief that conflict between communism and capitalism was inevitable. The United States believed that peace and stability in the world would only emerge when the evil of communism had been exorcised. At the ideological level Moscows communist world-view, which saw capitalism as absolute evil, fed off Washingtons world-view, which saw communism as an absolute evil, and in this way helped to sustain the others prophecy. Every action that either power took was followed by an almost immediate reaction from the other, the continuation of the Cold War not only until 1956 but until the Soviet Unions downfall in 1970/80s, was continually fueled by actions and reactions which were sometimes insignificant but which also brought the world closer than ever to a full scale nuclear war. Bibliography Stalinism, An Overview P. Boobbyer 2000 The Cold War John W. Mason Sarah Holtam Page 1 2/5/8/2007

Utilitarian Perspective of Illegal Immigration

Utilitarian Perspective of Illegal Immigration Discuss the issue of illegal immigration from a (rule) utilitarian perspective. Consider whose happiness or welfare is affected by the fact of illegal immigration. Illegal immigration affects the happiness and welfare of the illegal immigrants themselves. In addition, the welfare of the United States government is also affected by illegal immigration. The government is affected both economically and politically. The people of the United States are also affected by the fact of illegal immigration. For instance, the welfare and happiness of the workers, entrepreneurs, and politicians are affected by illegal immigration. Finally, the home country is affected by illegal immigration. By losing a portion of its population, the home country is affected in relation to its welfare. How are those who are affected by illegal immigration actually or potentially affected (i.e., are they actually or potentially benefitted or harmed?)? The United States generally accepts immigrants that are the most accomplished in their fields. However, these people are less likely to emigrate from their home country because they are already successful. On the other hand, there are people who wish to immigrate into the United States to better their status, whether it is financially, educationally, or culturally. These types of immigrants are often denied and thus they resort to illegal immigration. The United States consists of two types of illegal immigrants: there are those who enter the country illegally and there are those that enter legally, but overstay illegally. Although both types of immigrants are illegal people still continue to immigrate into the United States. This is due to the fact that illegal immigration potentially benefits the illegal immigrants. As aforementioned the people that do immigrate illegally into the United States are doing so to better their status. These immigrants are usually poor and undereducated. Thus, moving into the United States gives them an opportunity for better employment. Although they acquire low wage jobs in the United States, these immigrants are most likely leaving even lower wage jobs within their home country. From a utilitarian perspective it would be best for illegal immigrants to move into the United States because they would reap the most benefits from the United States. Also affected by illegal immigration is the United States Government, both economically and politically. Economically, the United States government could potentially be harmed, but also it could potentially benefit from illegal immigration. On the surface it appears that the United States is harmed economically by illegal immigrants due to all the costs they incur and the money they do not pay to the government. However, illegal immigrants actually play a significant role in the economy and potentially benefits said economy. Most people dissent illegal immigration because they believe that illegal immigrants take jobs away from American citizens by presenting themselves as cheap labor and illegal immigrants affect the education and welfare system negatively. In contrast, the cheap labor that enters the market actually manages to fuel the economy. Cheap labor creates more jobs and requires less money, therefore it would be in the best interest of the United States and its citizens to have cheap labor. It can be even argued that these cheap labor jobs that illegal immigrants are supposedly stealing from Americans may not even be filled without the immigrants. Therefore, from the utilitarian aspect it would be unreasonable to deny illegal immigrants into the United States when they manage to stimulate the economy. Most of the illegal immigrants that enter the United States do not come to live off the welfare programs available to American citizens. Conversely, they enter to work hard and increase their standard of living. In addition, the children and elderly immigrants that enter the United States actually benefit the economy positively. Although, they do not directly affect the economy, they have affect because of their need for welfare and education services. Thus, the economy would be stimulated because the welfare and education needs would create more jobs and stimulate the economy. Furthermore, the children could work to become model citizens that stimulate the economy. Politically, the United States government is potentially harmed. The politicians that wish to be reelected, for instance, could lose votes if they support updating immigration laws due to the increase in illegal immigrants. Additionally, illegal immigration has a way of undermining national security. These illegal immigrants are essentially under the radar, thus people that harmful to the country could learn to be under the radar in a similar manner. Thus, better immigration control as well as naturalization is needed. Illegal immigration affects the citizens of the United States. Pertaining to the low income workers that the illegal immigrants take jobs from, illegal immigration potentially harms them. These citizens have to compete with illegal immigrants who are willing to work for a lower wage. Even though these citizens are losing their source of income, society as a whole could benefit because illegal immigrants are able to provide a service at a lower cost which in turn allows consumers to have more money to allocate elsewhere. Human production would actually increase. Similar to the consumers, businesses and entrepreneurs in the United States could also benefit. Moreover, illegal immigration also affects the citizens of the United States because it is thought to be harmful towards the overall culture of the United States, however, American culture is founded on its diversity. It is an eclectic source of people and thus, illegal immigration actually further enriches the diversity of the Unit ed States. Finally, illegal immigration potentially benefits and harms the home country of the illegal immigrants. For instance, the home countries of illegal immigrants are getting rid of a portion of their population that is poor and undereducated. This could then benefit the home country. At the same time the country is losing a portion of their working class which is harmful to their economy. What is the best utilitarian ethical solution to the â€Å"problem† of illegal immigration? The best utilitarian ethical solution to the â€Å"problem† of illegal immigration involves the United States creating change in its current immigration policies. The current policies are discriminatory and infringe utilitarian standards. Updated immigration policies will need to a society with the most benefits for both the current and future citizens. To change policies there are a few key things that must be taken into account. Firstly, the process for immigrants to acquire citizenship should be more reasonable. In is more beneficial to accept immigrants into the United States than the opposite because they provide benefits for both the United States (from an economic standpoint) and themselves (by increasing their standard of living). Although the benefits will not be seen immediately, in the long run they are more useful. For instance, the children of illegal immigrants could become legal upstanding and contributing citizens through the education they acquire in the United States. Secondly, the United States should consider bestowing citizenship onto immigrants who enter from education purposes. One of the main contributors of illegal immigration is people that enter the country legally and then overstay illegally. Rather than force these newly educated members of society, the United States should grant them easier methods to become citizens. It is especially illogical from utilitarian perspective to educate immigrants with American resources and then send them back to their home countries because these immigrants could better society and benefit themselves from the opportunities the Unites States presents. Thirdly, the United States should update the method in which they retain information on illegal immigrants. Currently, the collection and use of information is weak. For instance, there is no penalty for illegal immigrants that cross borders multiple times because of the lack of documentation. If the United States handled this better, they could have stronger border control as well as stronger national security. Finally, the United States should look into methods of integrating immigrants. Simply entering the United States will not suffice for immigrants; they will need to successfully participate in society to create a better society. Ultimately, a combination of the solutions mentioned above could create a society in which most of the players could benefit. For example, the economy and the status of the immigrants improve. Although certain blue collar workers may possible lose their jobs, the overall benefits updating immigration policies outweigh the negatives of the workers losing their jobs. The greatest good for the greatest number can be achieved if illegal immigration is seen in a different light because there is certainly a usefulness to these immigrants.

Pompey :: essays research papers

Pompey the Great Gnaeus Pompeius, better known as Pompey, was born on September 29, 106 BC. He was four years older than Julius Caesar. Pompey’s father was a rich Roman noble, who was elected to the consul in 89 BC. Pompey distinguished himself as a great leader early in his life. In the civil war between Gaius Marius and Lucius Sulla, Pompey sided with Sulla. Sulla, with the help of Pompey, made some vary impressive defeats in Africa and Sicily. In 79 BC Sulla resigned and died the next year. Two of his patrons, who had fought for him, Pompey and Marcus Crassus, moved to leading military positions in the seventies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Crassus and Pompey fought together in a battle against a Marian rebel, Quintus Sertorius, and a slave rebellion lead by Spartacus in Italy. They returned, having won, in 71 BC. Pompey then spent time campaigning successfully in Rome before he was elected to consul, with Marcus Crassus for the year 70 BC.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After Pompey served his time on Consul he was given command over the Mediterranean, where he did what nobody else had successfully done before. He rid it of Pirates. Pompey, then, went to various places, establishing an ally of the King of Armenia, capturing Jerusalem, and making Syria a Roman duty. Pompey was a great general, but not a very good politician.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 59 BC Pompey returned to Rome to find that tensions with himself and Crassus had grown. Both Crassus and Pompey had large armies, but also pieces of the city that were loyal to them. Cicero, the leader of the sena te, allied himself with Pompey through great flattery. Cicero told Pompey that he must be the protector of the republic. Crassus had other plans, and by 57 BC both men were in Italy with their armies. Before war broke out Julius Caesar stepped in.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Caesar being a neutral negotiator used these well-known talents and convinced Pompey, Crassus, and Cicero to meet. The men worked out an agreement. This settlement had never been made before among the leaders of Rome. Caesar convinced Crassus and Pompey to join their power and influence with his own. Caesar was a successful leader of Gaul at this time. So the three agreed, and formed what is today known as the First Triumvirate. During this time Pompey married, most likely for political reasons, Julia, Caesar's daughter.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two of the three men returned to Rome and forced the Senate to obey them.

Close Company, Stories Of Moth :: essays research papers

Women during the time that A Visit from the Footbinder was written were willing to accept pain to fulfill society’s concept of beauty and to keep their position in society. Women’s role in this society was one in which they lacked any sense of power and they were therefore fully dependent on men. Hence, they were willing to suffer through the excruciating torture of crushing their toes under the weight of their own bodies in order to make themselves desirable enough to attract a wealthy husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The roles of men and women in this story are quite rigid, therefore allowing women little room to go against society. This is due in part to the economy, which does not permit much movement for neither race nor gender. Therefore, when one is born into a class they must conform to its standards. Women are generally given more rights and freedoms if they provide a direct economic function in society, such as owning and managing property to produce goods. Most of the property was passed down from father to son, though, and women had no rights. That is why the fathers had to decide on a dowry to marry off their daughters. Economically, men fulfill the â€Å"important† roles while women work â€Å"behind the scenes,† raising children and taking care of the household. These â€Å"simple† jobs that women perform cause them to be dependent on men, and relegate them into a subordinate position. Society’s attitude of women being weak and dependen t, while men are strong and in control, stems from the roles they are obligated to fulfill. Women are restricted to these roles because the idea of what a â€Å"good† woman or man should be becomes so ingrained into the culture. Society condemns that which is different, mainly due to fear, making it difficult for anyone to go against its belief systems. In the story, both the men and the women are really against the idea of the footbinding deep down. When asked if it will hurt, Tiger Mouse tells Pleasure Mouse that perhaps â€Å"the pain is so great that one’s sentiments are smashed like egg shells†(Prager 50]. Warm Milk, the concubine, fell in front of Pleasure Mouse’s door one night and said, â€Å"It is my legs. They are swollen like dead horses in the mud. And as for my feet, well, they’re no longer of this earth,† and then she says â€Å"They cannot bear the weight of two, Pleasure Mouse, but never say I said so.

Mt. Hood Furniture Pps Sampling Problem

(Mt. Hood Furniture—PPS sampling problem) You have been assigned the task of testing the accuracy of the final inventory compilation for Mt. Hood Furniture. You may assume that you have separately observed the inventory and that you are satisfied that the inventory was accurately counted. However, you need to test that quantities were accurately transcribed to the final accumulation and valuation of inventory and that the inventory is correctly priced and accumulated. The table beginning on page 617 presents the audited values associated with Mt. Hood’s pricing and accumulation of all items in inventory.The book values will be given to you by your professor. You may assume that you have performed the tests to determine the proper pricing for raw materials, work in process, and finished goods. The student should understand that the auditor will normally obtain this information only for the items included in the sample. Required 1. Identify the audit objectives that are a ccomplished by this test. 2. Determine sample size based on the following audit judgments. a. Tolerable misstatement is assessed at $325,000. b. The risk of incorrect acceptance is assessed at 37 percent. c. Anticipated misstatement is assessed at $100,000. . Develop a scenario that is consistent with setting the risk of incorrect acceptance at 37 percent. 4. Select a PPS sample of the above inventory population using the sample size determined in (2) above. 5. Explain the tests that you would perform to test the correctness of pricing of raw materials, work in progress, and finished goods. (The student may wish to consult Chapter 16. ) 6. Determine the amount of projected population misstatement based on your sample. 7. Considering your quantitative and qualitative results, develop a statistical conclusion and an audit conclusion based on your sample.